Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ȵ | ŋ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | b | tʰ t | d | kʰ k | g | qʰ q | ʔ | ||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | tsʰ ts | dz | tɕ tɕʰ | dʑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | ʐ | ʑ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | v | x | ɣ | h | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ɰ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
ɑu | from unrounded open back to rounded close back diphthong |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
⁴⁴ | flat from-mid-high to-mid-high tone |
²¹ | falling from-mid-low to-low tone |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
a̠i | from retracted unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
e̠i | from retracted unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɯ̠i | from retracted unrounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
ɯi | from unrounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
uɪ | from rounded close back to unrounded near-close near-front diphthong |
əu | from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong |