Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n n̩ | ŋ ŋ̍ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | pʰ p pʷ | b bʲ | t tʰ | d | c | kʰ k | g | ʔ | ||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts tsʰ | dz | tɕ tɕʰ | dʑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ʐ̩ | ɕ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | v v̩ | ʝ | x | ɣ | h | ||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
²⁴ | rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone |
²¹ | falling from-mid-low to-low tone |
⁵³ | falling from-high to-mid tone |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
⁴² | falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
oi | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
ɨi | from unrounded close central to unrounded close front diphthong |
ao | from unrounded open front to rounded close-mid back diphthong |
³⁵³ | contour from-mid via-high to-mid tone |
ui | from rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
²² | flat from-mid-low to-mid-low tone |
ɛo | from unrounded open-mid front to rounded close-mid back diphthong |
ɛi | from unrounded open-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁴¹ | falling from-mid-high to-low tone |
ou | from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong |
ɥ | voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant |