Variety Mandarin Chinese (Sino-Tibetan)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar
Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal
Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop  p  t d k 
Sibilant affricate ts tsʰ ʈʂʰ ʈʂ  tɕʰ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s ʂ ʐ ɕ
Non-sibilant fricative f x
Approximant l ɻ j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open yrounded close front vowel iunrounded close front vowel ʅunrounded close with-friction central vowel urounded close back vowel ɿunrounded close with-friction back vowel ʊrounded near-close near-back vowel ɤunrounded close-mid back vowel orounded close-mid back vowel əunrounded mid central vowel ə˞rhotacized unrounded mid central vowel ɛunrounded open-mid front vowel aunrounded open front vowel
Vowels

Other segments

           
Other segments
 ⁵¹ falling from-high to-low tone
 ²¹⁴ contour from-mid-low via-low to-mid-high tone
 ⁵⁵ flat from-high to-high tone
 ³⁵ rising from-mid to-high tone
 au from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong
 ɥ voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant
 ai from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
 ɔu from rounded open-mid back to rounded close back diphthong
 ɛi from unrounded open-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong
 ⁰ short neutral tone
 ¹¹ flat from-low to-low tone