Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m m̥ | ɱ | n | ŋ | ɴ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | b | t tʰ | d | k kʰ | ʔ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | sʰ s | ʃ ʃʰ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | v | ɣ ɣʰ | h | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | r | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ui | from rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɔi | from rounded open-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɛʌ | from unrounded open-mid front to unrounded open-mid back diphthong |
ɗ | voiced dental implosive consonant |
ɔːi | from long rounded open-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɛu | from unrounded open-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
ɓ | voiced bilabial implosive consonant |
uːi | from long rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
aːi | from long unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
eu | from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |
aːu | from long unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
ɛi | from unrounded open-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
oi | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
iu | from unrounded close front to rounded close back diphthong |
ˀɓ | pre-glottalized voiced bilabial implosive consonant |
ɨi | from unrounded close central to unrounded close front diphthong |
ẽi | from nasalized unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ẽʌ | from nasalized unrounded close-mid front to unrounded open-mid back diphthong |