Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p | b | t | d | c | k kʰ | ʔ | |||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts | dʑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | ç | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | β | v | h | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | rʰ r | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
³ | short from-mid tone |
¹ | short from-low tone |
əa | from unrounded mid central to unrounded open front diphthong |
² | short from-mid-low tone |
əʌ | from unrounded mid central to unrounded open-mid back diphthong |
⁴ | short from-mid-high tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
uo | from rounded close back to rounded close-mid back diphthong |
oɔ | from rounded close-mid back to rounded open-mid back diphthong |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
oi | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɨa | from unrounded close central to unrounded open front diphthong |
əi | from unrounded mid central to unrounded close front diphthong |