Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | b | tʰ t | d | k kʰ | g | ʔ | |||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | tsʰ ts | tʃʰ | dʒ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | v | x | ɣ | h | |||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
⁵¹ | falling from-high to-low tone |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
⁴³ | falling from-mid-high to-mid tone |
⁵² | falling from-high to-mid-low tone |
⁴² | falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone |
⁵³ | falling from-high to-mid tone |
⁴¹ | falling from-mid-high to-low tone |
⁴ | short from-mid-high tone |
²¹ | falling from-mid-low to-low tone |
⁵ | short from-high tone |
³² | falling from-mid to-mid-low tone |
²³ | rising from-mid-low to-mid tone |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
³ | short from-mid tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
oi | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁵⁴ | falling from-high to-mid-high tone |
a̰u | from creaky unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
² | short from-mid-low tone |
⁴⁵ | rising from-mid-high to-high tone |
²⁴ | rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone |
æu | from unrounded near-open front to rounded close back diphthong |
o̰i | from creaky rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
³⁴³ | contour from-mid via-mid-high to-mid tone |
³⁴ | rising from-mid to-mid-high tone |
²⁵ | rising from-mid-low to-high tone |