Variety Maru (Sino-Tibetan)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar
Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal
Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop p  b  t d k  g ʔ
Sibilant affricate tsʰ ts tʃʰ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ
Non-sibilant fricative f v x ɣ h
Approximant l j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open iunrounded close front vowel creaky unrounded close front vowel urounded close back vowel creaky rounded close back vowel ɪunrounded near-close near-front vowel ʊrounded near-close near-back vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel ørounded close-mid front vowel creaky unrounded close-mid front vowel orounded close-mid back vowel creaky rounded close-mid back vowel əunrounded mid central vowel ɛunrounded open-mid front vowel œrounded open-mid front vowel ɛ̰creaky unrounded open-mid front vowel ɔrounded open-mid back vowel ɔ̰creaky rounded open-mid back vowel æunrounded near-open front vowel aunrounded open front vowel creaky unrounded open front vowel
Vowels

Other segments

                           
Other segments
 ³⁵ rising from-mid to-high tone
 au from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong
 ⁵¹ falling from-high to-low tone
 ³¹ falling from-mid to-low tone
 ⁴³ falling from-mid-high to-mid tone
 ⁵² falling from-high to-mid-low tone
 ⁴² falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone
 ⁵³ falling from-high to-mid tone
 ⁴¹ falling from-mid-high to-low tone
 ⁴ short from-mid-high tone
 ²¹ falling from-mid-low to-low tone
 ⁵ short from-high tone
 ³² falling from-mid to-mid-low tone
 ²³ rising from-mid-low to-mid tone
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
 ³ short from-mid tone
 ai from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong
 oi from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong
 ⁵⁴ falling from-high to-mid-high tone
 a̰u from creaky unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong
 ² short from-mid-low tone
 ⁴⁵ rising from-mid-high to-high tone
 ²⁴ rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone
 æu from unrounded near-open front to rounded close back diphthong
 o̰i from creaky rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong
 ³⁴³ contour from-mid via-mid-high to-mid tone
 ³⁴ rising from-mid to-mid-high tone
 ²⁵ rising from-mid-low to-high tone