Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | b | t tʰ | d | kʰ k | g | ʔ | |||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts tsʰ | tʃʰ tʃ | dʒ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ʃ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | ɣ | h | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l ɹ | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
³ | short from-mid tone |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
⁵¹ | falling from-high to-low tone |
⁵ | short from-high tone |
⁵³ | falling from-high to-mid tone |
ãɪ | from nasalized unrounded open front to unrounded near-close near-front diphthong |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
⁴³ | falling from-mid-high to-mid tone |
³² | falling from-mid to-mid-low tone |
⁵² | falling from-high to-mid-low tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
²⁵ | rising from-mid-low to-high tone |
⁴² | falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone |
⁴ | short from-mid-high tone |
²³ | rising from-mid-low to-mid tone |
²¹ | falling from-mid-low to-low tone |
³⁴ | rising from-mid to-mid-high tone |
⁵⁴ | falling from-high to-mid-high tone |
² | short from-mid-low tone |
⁴⁵ | rising from-mid-high to-high tone |
oi | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
³²³ | contour from-mid via-mid-low to-mid tone |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
⁴¹ | falling from-mid-high to-low tone |
o̰i | from creaky rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
a̰u | from creaky unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
oe | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close-mid front diphthong |
a̰i | from creaky unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
²⁴ | rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone |