Variety Nanjing (Sino-Tibetan)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar
Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal
Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop  p  t  k ʔ
Sibilant affricate ts tsʰ ʈʂʰ ʈʂ tɕʰ 
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s ʂ ʐ ɕ
Non-sibilant fricative f x
Approximant ʋ l j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open iunrounded close front vowel yrounded close front vowel ʅunrounded close with-friction central vowel urounded close back vowel ɿunrounded close with-friction back vowel ɯunrounded close back vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel orounded close-mid back vowel əunrounded mid central vowel ɛunrounded open-mid front vowel ɔrounded open-mid back vowel ɑunrounded open back vowel ɑ̃nasalized unrounded open back vowel
Vowels

Other segments

         
Other segments
 ⁴⁴ flat from-mid-high to-mid-high tone
 əɯ from unrounded mid central to unrounded close back diphthong
 ¹¹ flat from-low to-low tone
 ¹³ rising from-low to-mid tone
 ³¹ falling from-mid to-low tone
 ɥ voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant
 ⁵ short from-high tone
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
 ei from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong
 ⁰ short neutral tone