Variety Massa (Afro-Asiatic)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar		 Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal		 Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal		 Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop p b t d c k g ʔ
Sibilant affricate dʒ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s z
Non-sibilant fricative f v θ ð x h
Approximant l j
Flap or tap
Trill r
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open iunrounded close front vowel urounded close back vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel orounded close-mid back vowel ɛunrounded open-mid front vowel ɔrounded open-mid back vowel aunrounded open front vowel
Vowels

Other segments

  
Other segments
 ɗ voiced dental implosive consonant
 ɓ voiced bilabial implosive consonant
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant