Variety Shanghai (Sino-Tibetan)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar
Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal
Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal m  n ɲ ŋ ŋ̍
Stop p  b  t d k  g ʔ
Sibilant affricate tsʰ ts  tɕʰ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s z ɕ
Non-sibilant fricative f v h ɦ
Approximant l j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open iunrounded close front vowel yrounded close front vowel ɿunrounded close with-friction back vowel urounded close back vowel ɪunrounded near-close near-front vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel ørounded close-mid front vowel ɤunrounded close-mid back vowel orounded close-mid back vowel əunrounded mid central vowel ɔrounded open-mid back vowel aunrounded open front vowel nasalized unrounded open front vowel ɑ̃nasalized unrounded open back vowel
Vowels

Other segments

          
Other segments
 ³ short from-mid tone
 ⁴ short from-mid-high tone
 ¹³ rising from-low to-mid tone
 ¹ short from-low tone
 ɥ voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
 ⁵³ falling from-high to-mid tone
 ³⁵ rising from-mid to-high tone
 ²³ rising from-mid-low to-mid tone
 ⁵ short from-high tone
 ¹² rising from-low to-mid-low tone