Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m m̥ | n n̥ | ŋ ŋ̊ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | b | t tʰ | k kʰ | ʔ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | tʃʰ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | ʃ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | v | h | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | r r̥ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
ɓ | voiced bilabial implosive consonant |
ɔi | from rounded open-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
əu | from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong |
oi | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɔu | from rounded open-mid back to rounded close back diphthong |
ɑu | from unrounded open back to rounded close back diphthong |
ɗ | voiced dental implosive consonant |
əi | from unrounded mid central to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɑi | from unrounded open back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɨi | from unrounded close central to unrounded close front diphthong |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ou | from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong |
oɑ | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded open back diphthong |
eu | from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |