Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | b | t tʰ | d | ʈ | k kʰ | ʔ | |||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts | tʃ tʃʰ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | kxʰ | qχ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | sʰ s | z | ʃ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | v | ɣ | χ | h | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | r | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
ɑi | from unrounded open back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɓ | voiced bilabial implosive consonant |
oi | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
əi | from unrounded mid central to unrounded close front diphthong |
əɨ̃ | from unrounded mid central to nasalized unrounded close central diphthong |
ɗ | voiced dental implosive consonant |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ou | from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong |
əɨ | from unrounded mid central to unrounded close central diphthong |
ɑu | from unrounded open back to rounded close back diphthong |