Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m̥ m mʱ | n̥ n nʱ | ɳ | ȵ ȵʱ ȵ̊ | ŋ ŋʰ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p ⁿp pʰ | b ⁿb ⁿbʰ bʰ ⁿbʱ | t ⁿt tʰ ⁿtʰ | ⁿdʱ d dʱ ⁿd | ʈ ⁿʈ ʈʰ ⁿʈʰ | ɖʱ ɖ ⁿɖʰ | k kʰ ⁿk | g ⁿgʱ gʱ gʰ ⁿg | q qʰ ⁿqʰ ⁿq | ɢʰ ɢʱ ⁿɢʱ ɢ | ʔ | |||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ⁿts ts ⁿtsʰ tsʰ | ⁿdzʱ dz ⁿdz dzʱ | ʈʂʰ ʈʂ ⁿʈʂʰ ⁿʈʂ | ɖʐ ⁿɖʐ ⁿɖʐʱ ɖʐʱ | tɕ ⁿtɕʰ tɕʰ ⁿtɕ | dʑ ⁿdʑʱ dʑʱ ⁿdʑ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | zʰ z | ʂ | ɕ | ʑ ʑʱ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | v vʱ | x | χ | h | |||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | lʱ l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | tɬ tɬʰ ⁿtɬ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
aɯ | from unrounded open front to unrounded close back diphthong |
¹¹ | flat from-low to-low tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁵³ | falling from-high to-mid tone |
ey | from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close front diphthong |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
wʱ | breathy voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
æɯ | from unrounded near-open front to unrounded close back diphthong |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
¹³ | rising from-low to-mid tone |
ui | from rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |