Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ȵ | ŋ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p ˀp pʰ | b | t ˀt tʰ | d | k kʰ | g | ʔ | |||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts | tʃ tʃʰ | dʒ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ʃ | ʑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | v | h | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
⁵¹ | falling from-high to-low tone |
oːi | from long rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
¹¹ | flat from-low to-low tone |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
əu | from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong |
⁴² | falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone |
aːu | from long unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
aːi | from long unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
¹³ | rising from-low to-mid tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁵³ | falling from-high to-mid tone |
uːi | from long rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
eu | from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
²⁴ | rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone |
² | short from-mid-low tone |
ui | from rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
²³¹ | contour from-mid-low via-mid to-low tone |
uːo | from long rounded close back to rounded close-mid back diphthong |
oːu | from long rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong |
⁰ | short neutral tone |
³⁴ | rising from-mid to-mid-high tone |
iːu | from long unrounded close front to rounded close back diphthong |