Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m m̥ | n n̥ nʲ | ŋ ŋ̍ ŋ̊ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | ⁿp p ⁿpʰ pʰ | ⁿt t tʰ ⁿtʰ | ⁿk k kʰ ⁿkʰ | ʔ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | tʃ ⁿtʃ tʃʰ ⁿtʃʰ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | ʃ | ç | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | θ | ð | h | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
¹¹ | flat from-low to-low tone |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
⁴⁴ | flat from-mid-high to-mid-high tone |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁵³ | falling from-high to-mid tone |
əu | from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong |
¹² | rising from-low to-mid-low tone |
ɒi | from rounded open back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ʍ | voiceless labio-velar approximant consonant |
eu | from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |
ui | from rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
oi | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |