Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m m̥ ˀm | n̥ n ˀn | ȵ ȵ̊ ˀȵ | ŋ ŋ̍ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | b | tʰ t | d | k kʰ | g | qʰ q | ɢ | ʔ | |||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts tsʰ | dz | tɕ tɕʰ | dʑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ɕ | ʑ ˀʑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | v | x | h | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l ˀl | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
⁵³ | falling from-high to-mid tone |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
ɥ | voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant |
¹³ | rising from-low to-mid tone |
əɯ | from unrounded mid central to unrounded close back diphthong |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
əu | from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong |
³ | short from-mid tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ˀw | pre-glottalized voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
⁵ | short from-high tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
⁴² | falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone |
⁰ | short neutral tone |