Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m̥ m | n̥ n | ȵ ȵ̊ | ŋ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | ⁿp p pʰ | ⁿt t tʰ ⁿtʰ | ʈ ⁿʈ ʈʰ | ⁿkʰ k kʰ ⁿk | q qʰ ⁿq ⁿqʰ | ʔ | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts tsʰ ⁿtsʰ ⁿts | ʈʂʰ ⁿʈʂ ʈʂ ⁿʈʂʰ | tɕ ⁿtɕʰ tɕʰ ⁿtɕ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | ʂ | ʐ | ɕ | ʑ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | v | h | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l lʷ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | tɬ tɬʰ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
⁴³ | falling from-mid-high to-mid tone |
⁴⁴ | flat from-mid-high to-mid-high tone |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
²⁴ | rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
¹³ | rising from-low to-mid tone |
eu | from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |
²¹ | falling from-mid-low to-low tone |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
ui | from rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁵⁴ | falling from-high to-mid-high tone |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |