Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m m̥ | n̥ n | ȵ ȵ̊ | ŋ ŋ̊ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | b | t tʰ ⁿt | d | k kʰ | g | ʔ | |||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts tsʰ | dz | tɕ tɕʰ | dʑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | ɕ | ʑ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | x | h | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ɬ ɬʲ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
²¹ | falling from-mid-low to-low tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
⁵³ | falling from-high to-mid tone |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
²⁴ | rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone |
ui | from rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁴² | falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone |
əu | from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
əi | from unrounded mid central to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɔi | from rounded open-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɥ | voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant |
²² | flat from-mid-low to-mid-low tone |
ɛu | from unrounded open-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |