Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n n̥ | ȵ | ŋ ŋ̊ ŋ̍ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | ⁿb | t tʰ | ⁿd d | ȶ ȶʰ | k kʰ kʷ | q qʰ | ʔ | ||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts tsʰ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ɕ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | v | x | ɣ | h h̃ | |||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
¹ | short from-low tone |
ui | from rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
aːu | from long unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
õi | from nasalized rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
aːi | from long unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
eu | from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |
oi | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ɛu | from unrounded open-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |