Variety Xiamen (Sino-Tibetan)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar
Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal
Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal m  n ŋ̍ ŋ
Stop p  b t   k g ʔ
Sibilant affricate ts tsʰ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s
Non-sibilant fricative h
Approximant l j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open iunrounded close front vowel nasalized unrounded close front vowel urounded close back vowel nasalized rounded close back vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel nasalized unrounded close-mid front vowel orounded close-mid back vowel ɔrounded open-mid back vowel aunrounded open front vowel nasalized unrounded open front vowel
Vowels

Other segments

                   
Other segments
 ³³ flat from-mid to-mid tone
 au from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong
 ⁵¹ falling from-high to-low tone
 ²⁴ rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
 ⁵ short from-high tone
 ¹¹ flat from-low to-low tone
 ai from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong
 ⁵⁵ flat from-high to-high tone
 ³² falling from-mid to-mid-low tone
 ãi from nasalized unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong
 ãu from nasalized unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong
 ⁴² falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone
 ũi from nasalized rounded close back to unrounded close front diphthong
 ɐu from unrounded near-open central to rounded close back diphthong
 ²³ rising from-mid-low to-mid tone
 ⁵² falling from-high to-mid-low tone
 ²¹³ contour from-mid-low via-low to-mid tone
 ⁴⁴ flat from-mid-high to-mid-high tone
 ⁴ short from-mid-high tone