Variety Xi_an (Sino-Tibetan)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar
Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal
Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal m n ȵ ŋ
Stop  p t  k 
Sibilant affricate ts tsʰ ʈʂʰ ʈʂ tɕʰ 
Non-sibilant affricate pf pfʰ
Sibilant fricative s ʂ ʐ ɕ
Non-sibilant fricative f v x
Approximant l j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open iunrounded close front vowel yrounded close front vowel ʅunrounded close with-friction central vowel urounded close back vowel ɿunrounded close with-friction back vowel nasalized unrounded close-mid front vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel orounded close-mid back vowel əunrounded mid central vowel æ̃nasalized unrounded near-open front vowel æunrounded near-open front vowel aunrounded open front vowel ɑunrounded open back vowel
Vowels

Other segments

           
Other segments
 ²¹ falling from-mid-low to-low tone
 ²⁴ rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone
 ⁴⁵ rising from-mid-high to-high tone
 ⁰ short neutral tone
 ⁵³ falling from-high to-mid tone
 ɑu from unrounded open back to rounded close back diphthong
 ei from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
 ou from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong
 ɥ voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant
 au from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong
 ɑo from unrounded open back to rounded close-mid back diphthong