Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n n̩ | ȵ | ŋ̍ ŋ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | b | t tʰ | d | k kʰ | g | ||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts tsʰ | dz | tɕ tɕʰ | dʑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ɕ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | v | h | ɦ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
⁴⁴ | flat from-mid-high to-mid-high tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
¹² | rising from-low to-mid-low tone |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
²⁴ | rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁴² | falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone |
¹¹ | flat from-low to-low tone |
⁴⁵ | rising from-mid-high to-high tone |
⁰ | short neutral tone |
øi | from rounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
²³ | rising from-mid-low to-mid tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
ɥ | voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant |
əu | from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong |
¹³ | rising from-low to-mid tone |