Variety Kunming (Sino-Tibetan)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar		 Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal		 Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal		 Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Stop pʰ p t tʰ k kʰ
Sibilant affricate ts tsʰ ʈʂʰ ʈʂ tɕʰ tɕ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s ʂ ʐ ɕ
Non-sibilant fricative f x
Approximant l j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open ĩnasalized unrounded close front vowel iunrounded close front vowel ʅunrounded close with-friction central vowel urounded close back vowel ɿunrounded close with-friction back vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel ẽnasalized unrounded close-mid front vowel orounded close-mid back vowel əunrounded mid central vowel ə̃nasalized unrounded mid central vowel ɛunrounded open-mid front vowel ãnasalized unrounded open front vowel aunrounded open front vowel
Vowels

Other segments

        
Other segments
 ⁴⁴ flat from-mid-high to-mid-high tone
 ³¹ falling from-mid to-low tone
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
 ⁵³ falling from-high to-mid tone
 ¹³ rising from-low to-mid tone
 au from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong
 əu from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong
 ⁰ short neutral tone
 ei from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong