Variety Jinan (Sino-Tibetan)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar
Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal
Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal m n ȵ ŋ
Stop  p t  k 
Sibilant affricate ts tsʰ ʈʂʰ ʈʂ  tɕʰ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s ʂ ʐ ɕ
Non-sibilant fricative f x
Approximant l j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open iunrounded close front vowel yrounded close front vowel ʅunrounded close with-friction central vowel urounded close back vowel ɿunrounded close with-friction back vowel nasalized unrounded close-mid front vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel orounded close-mid back vowel əunrounded mid central vowel ɛunrounded open-mid front vowel ɔrounded open-mid back vowel æ̃nasalized unrounded near-open front vowel aunrounded open front vowel
Vowels

Other segments

            
Other segments
 ²¹³ contour from-mid-low via-low to-mid tone
 ⁴² falling from-mid-high to-mid-low tone
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
 ⁵⁵ flat from-high to-high tone
 ei from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong
 ²¹ falling from-mid-low to-low tone
 ou from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong
 ⁰ short neutral tone
 ²¹² contour from-mid-low via-low to-mid-low tone
 ɥ voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant
 eɿ from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close with-friction back diphthong
 ai from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong
 au from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong