Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m m̩ | n | ŋ ŋ̍ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | pʰ p | tʰ t | k kʰ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts | tʃ tʃʰ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | ʃ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | h | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
²² | flat from-mid-low to-mid-low tone |
⁵³ | falling from-high to-mid tone |
²³ | rising from-mid-low to-mid tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
³⁵ | rising from-mid to-high tone |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
ɐi | from unrounded near-open central to unrounded close front diphthong |
²¹ | falling from-mid-low to-low tone |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
ɐu | from unrounded near-open central to rounded close back diphthong |
ɔi | from rounded open-mid back to unrounded close front diphthong |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁵ | short from-high tone |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
ou | from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong |
² | short from-mid-low tone |
øi | from rounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
¹¹ | flat from-low to-low tone |
iɪ | from unrounded close front to unrounded near-close near-front diphthong |
oe | from rounded close-mid back to unrounded close-mid front diphthong |
iu | from unrounded close front to rounded close back diphthong |