Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ȵ | ŋ ŋ̍ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | t tʰ | k kʰ | ʔ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts tsʰ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | β | x | h | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
⁴⁴ | flat from-mid-high to-mid-high tone |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
⁴ | short from-mid-high tone |
⁵² | falling from-high to-mid-low tone |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
³¹ | falling from-mid to-low tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
²⁴² | contour from-mid-low via-mid-high to-mid-low tone |
ou | from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong |
²¹³ | contour from-mid-low via-low to-mid tone |
øi | from rounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
²³ | rising from-mid-low to-mid tone |
ɵy | from rounded close-mid central to rounded close front diphthong |
ɥ | voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant |
aɔ | from unrounded open front to rounded open-mid back diphthong |
eu | from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |
⁴⁵ | rising from-mid-high to-high tone |