Form | Concept | Segments |
---|---|---|
Place → | Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||||||||||||||||||||||
↓ Manner | Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Palato- alveolar |
Retroflex | Alveolo- palatal |
Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal / Epiglottal |
Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n n̩ | ȵ | ŋ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stop | p pʰ | t tʰ | k kʰ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ts tsʰ | tɕ tɕʰ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s | z | ɕ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f | x | h | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Flap or tap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral approximant | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lateral flap | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implosive |
³³ | flat from-mid to-mid tone |
²⁴ | rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone |
w | voiced labio-velar approximant consonant |
⁴¹ | falling from-mid-high to-low tone |
au | from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong |
²¹ | falling from-mid-low to-low tone |
ei | from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong |
¹³ | rising from-low to-mid tone |
⁵⁵ | flat from-high to-high tone |
⁰ | short neutral tone |
ai | from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong |
əu | from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong |
ɥ | voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant |
aɤ | from unrounded open front to unrounded close-mid back diphthong |
aə | from unrounded open front to unrounded mid central diphthong |
ou | from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong |
eu | from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close back diphthong |