Variety Changsha (Sino-Tibetan)

Form Concept Segments

Consonants

Pulmonic Consonants
Place → Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
↓ Manner Bilabial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Palato-
alveolar
Retroflex Alveolo-
palatal
Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyngeal
/ Epiglottal
Glottal
Nasal m n  ȵ ŋ
Stop p  t  k 
Sibilant affricate ts tsʰ  tɕʰ
Non-sibilant affricate
Sibilant fricative s z ɕ
Non-sibilant fricative f x h
Approximant l j
Flap or tap
Trill
Lateral affricate
Lateral fricative
Lateral approximant
Lateral flap
Implosive

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back Close Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open iunrounded close front vowel yrounded close front vowel ɿunrounded close with-friction back vowel urounded close back vowel eunrounded close-mid front vowel nasalized unrounded close-mid front vowel orounded close-mid back vowel nasalized rounded close-mid back vowel ɤunrounded close-mid back vowel əunrounded mid central vowel aunrounded open front vowel
Vowels

Other segments

                
Other segments
 ³³ flat from-mid to-mid tone
 ²⁴ rising from-mid-low to-mid-high tone
 w voiced labio-velar approximant consonant
 ⁴¹ falling from-mid-high to-low tone
 au from unrounded open front to rounded close back diphthong
 ²¹ falling from-mid-low to-low tone
 ei from unrounded close-mid front to unrounded close front diphthong
 ¹³ rising from-low to-mid tone
 ⁵⁵ flat from-high to-high tone
 ⁰ short neutral tone
 ai from unrounded open front to unrounded close front diphthong
 əu from unrounded mid central to rounded close back diphthong
 ɥ voiced labio-palatal approximant consonant
 aɤ from unrounded open front to unrounded close-mid back diphthong
 aə from unrounded open front to unrounded mid central diphthong
 ou from rounded close-mid back to rounded close back diphthong
 eu from unrounded close-mid front to rounded close back diphthong